HTML Interview Questions

Here are accurate and concise answers to your HTML interview questions:

What is HTML?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It defines the structure of web content using elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and more.
What does DOCTYPE mean in HTML?
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration specifies the HTML version used in a document. It ensures the browser renders the page correctly. For HTML5, it is <!DOCTYPE html>.
Explain the purpose of the <meta> tag.
The <meta> tag provides metadata about a webpage, such as character encoding, viewport settings, author, and SEO-related information (e.g., keywords, description).
What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?
XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is a stricter, XML-based version of HTML that requires elements to be properly nested, lowercase, and have closing tags.
What is semantic HTML?
Semantic HTML uses meaningful tags like <article>, <section>, <header>, and <footer> to improve readability and accessibility, helping browsers and search engines understand content better.
Describe the difference between <div> and <span>.
<div> is a block-level container used for layout and grouping elements, whereas <span> is an inline container used to style specific parts of text or inline elements.
Explain the use of the <canvas> element.
The <canvas> element allows dynamic, script-based rendering of graphics, such as charts, animations, and game visuals, using JavaScript.
What are data attributes in HTML5?
Data attributes (data-*) store custom data in HTML elements, which can be accessed and manipulated using JavaScript. Example: <div data-id="123">.
What is the purpose of the alt attribute in the <img> tag?
The alt attribute provides alternative text for an image, improving accessibility and helping search engines index images.
How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?
Use the <a> tag with the href attribute:
```
<a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>
```
What is the purpose of the <head> tag in HTML?
The <head> tag contains metadata, styles, scripts, and other information that is not displayed directly on the webpage.
Explain the difference between <ol> and <ul> elements.
<ol> (ordered list) creates a numbered list, while <ul> (unordered list) creates a bullet-point list.
What is the significance of the lang attribute in HTML?
The lang attribute specifies the language of a webpage, helping search engines and screen readers interpret the content correctly. Example: <html lang="en">.
What is the purpose of the <form> element in HTML?
The <form> element collects user input and can contain input fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, and submit buttons to send data to a server.
How does the target attribute work in HTML forms?
The target attribute in a form specifies where to open the submitted response.
- _self (default): Opens in the same tab
- _blank: Opens in a new tab
- _parent: Opens in the parent frame
- _top: Opens in the full window