Computer Graphics & Multimedia Application Exam Preparation Guide (Repeated Questions + Most Important with Answers)
Part 1: Repeated Questions Analysis (2023 & 2024)
Question Frequency Importance
Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm 2023, 2024 HIGH
Multimedia: Characteristics, Applications, System 2023, 2024 HIGH
Computer Animation: Types, Functions 2023, 2024 MED-HIGH
Transformations (Translation/Rotation/Matrix) 2023, 2024 HIGH
Bezier Curve 2023, 2024 MEDIUM
Part 2: Most Important Questions with Answers
1. Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm
Answer:
It is a line clipping algorithm that divides the area into regions using outcodes. Each end-point of the line is tested for its position relative to the clipping window, and the line is either accepted, rejected, or partially clipped.
Steps:
1. Assign 4-bit outcodes to each endpoint.
2. Perform bitwise AND of outcodes.
3. If AND = 0, line is partially or fully visible.
4. If AND ≠ 0, line is invisible.
5. Clip the line iteratively with boundaries.
2. Transformation Techniques
Answer:
Translation: Moves object from one position to another:
T(x, y) = [1 0 tx; 0 1 ty; 0 0 1]
Rotation: Rotates object by angle θ:
R(θ) = [cosθ -sinθ 0; sinθ cosθ 0; 0 0 1]
Scaling: Changes object size:
S(sx, sy) = [sx 0 0; 0 sy 0; 0 0 1]
Composite Transformation: Combine all by multiplying their matrices.
Download PDF File CGMA
3. Multimedia: Definition, Applications, System
Answer:
Definition: Multimedia integrates text, graphics, audio, video, and animation.
Applications: Education, Advertising, Entertainment, Virtual Reality.
Multimedia System Components:
Input/Output Devices
Storage
Communication Devices
Multimedia Software
Synchronization Mechanism
4. Bezier Curve
Answer:
It is a parametric curve used in modeling smooth curves.
Properties:
Defined by control points
Curve lies within convex hull of control points
Uses Bernstein polynomials
Equation (for 3 control points):
B(t) = (1−t)²P0 + 2t(1−t)P1 + t²P2, where t ∈ [0,1]
5. Computer Animation: Types and Requirements
Answer:
Types:
2D Animation
3D Animation
Motion Graphics
Stop Motion
Functions:
Frame Generation
Object Movement
Key Frame Creation
Interpolation
Requirements:
Hardware: GPU, High RAM, Graphics Tablet
Software: Blender, Maya, Adobe Animate
Part 3: Other Questions Briefly Answered
6. DDA Line Algorithm:
It’s an incremental scan conversion algorithm that interpolates points between endpoints.
Formula: x = x + dx, y = y + dy
7. Bresenham's Line Algorithm:
Uses integer arithmetic for line generation, making it faster than DDA. Works by deciding the closest pixel to the ideal line.
8. Raster vs Random Scan:
Raster Scan: Pixel by pixel (TV-like)
Random Scan: Draws line directly (like a pen plotter)
9. MIDI vs Digital Audio:
MIDI: Encodes music using instructions (lightweight)
Digital Audio: Real sound recording (heavy files)
MIDI Pros: Small size
MIDI Cons: Doesn’t capture real voice/sound
10. Frame Buffer Memory:
Stores pixel data for display. Used in raster graphics systems.
11. Polygon & Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm:
Polygon: Closed figure with straight sides.
S-H Algorithm: Clips polygon by dividing it edge-wise against clip boundaries.
12. Principles of Animation:
Includes squash-stretch, anticipation, follow-through, timing, etc.
Computer Animation: Uses frame generation and tweening.
13. Input Techniques:
Keyboard
Mouse
Light Pen
Joystick
Touch Screen
14. Bit Plane:
Each bit of pixel color is stored in separate planes. Combining planes gives full color.
15. Viewing Transformation:
Maps a part of world coordinates (window) to device coordinates (viewport).
Difference:
Window: What to see
Viewport: Where to display
16. Animation File Formats & Software:
Formats: GIF, AVI, MPEG, SWF
Software: Blender, Flash, Adobe Animate, Maya
Important Note to Readers
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